No, a UVB bulb "near" your room is not going to cause skin cancer. Being out in the sun unprotected, especially during the time of the day when UVB rays are most intense, will, over time increase the risk of the disease. The strength of the rays in regular UVB lights in no way compared to what is given off by the sun. I would, however, not spend time looking at the light, however, especially in a close range, because over time that can cause damage.
Questionnone, a UVB light also will give UVA rays. I would not worry about trying to provide UVA rays---your turtle will get them from a UVB light. For me, the strength would depend on how far the bulb was from the basking turtle (you didn't say). The 5% UVB and 30% UVA is pretty standard. I prefer Reptisun tubes simply because they've been around longer and are known to be dependable. Many use Reptiglo's with no apparent negative effects. You want the UVB light and heat source to be over the basking area. If you can position a tube and heat source to do that and want to use a tube, fine.
A reputable UVB light shouldn't hurt your turtle's eyes. In the past few years some newer bulbs were made using phosphors that would cause something like snow blindness if placed too close to a turtle, but as I said, a reputable bulb should be fine.
it doesnt. its very important that your turtles get UVA 
