Uneated food and waste -> ammonia -> nitrite -> nitrate.
Ammonia to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate are caused by beneficial bacteria living
in the biomedia in the filtration system.
Algae "eats" nitrate, but too much algae won't make the tank look good. Otherwise,
nitrate needs to be released to the atmosphere so the nitrogen cycle can continue.
In an aquarium system, the fastest way to get rid of nitrate is water change.
I hope this helps. If I'm wrong, please correct me.
